Jacob Wrestles with God
Genesis 32:22-32 NIV
22 That night Jacob got up and took his two wives, his two female servants and his eleven sons and crossed the ford of the Jabbok. 23 After he had sent them across the stream, he sent over all his possessions. 24 So Jacob was left alone, and a man wrestled with him till daybreak. 25 When the man saw that he could not overpower him, he touched the socket of Jacob’s hip so that his hip was wrenched as he wrestled with the man. 26 Then the man said, “Let me go, for it is daybreak.”
But Jacob replied, “I will not let you go unless you bless me.”
27 The man asked him, “What is your name?”
“Jacob,” he answered.
28 Then the man said, “Your name will no longer be Jacob, but Israel, because you have struggled with God and with humans and have overcome.”
29 Jacob said, “Please tell me your name.”
But he replied, “Why do you ask my name?” Then he blessed him there.
30 So Jacob called the place Peniel, saying, “It is because I saw God face to face, and yet my life was spared.”
31 The sun rose above him as he passed Peniel, and he was limping because of his hip. 32 Therefore to this day the Israelites do not eat the tendon attached to the socket of the hip, because the socket of Jacob’s hip was touched near the tendon.
I have read this many times but not until today have I tried to really think about, and understand what really happened here. To do that, look at the events leading up to this. We read about how at his birth he was holding the heel of his brother Esau. We read about his dealings with his brother and his conspiracy with his mother Rebekah to steal Isaac’s blessing to Esau. We followed Jacob as he went to his uncle Laban’s home and as he worked twenty years to gain his wives and children. We currently find Jacob headed home and facing a confrontation with his brother, Esau, after twenty years. Jacob is afraid. He reaches out, he asks God for help, and he seeks to make some kind of restitution. But in all of these things, Jacob is still resisting. He is still holding back, relying largely upon himself.
Jacob had sent his family on ahead of him and he spent the night alone. We have no idea why he did this. Did he want to think? To pray? To hide? We don’t know for sure but the only way we can get right with God, is to get alone with God. So Jacob is spending time alone and we can see from the text that he struggles with an angel. The Jewish Rabbis explain this “man” was the guardian angel of Esau (Rashi) in a human guise. What we do know is that “a man wrestled with him until daybreak”. The two wrestled all night and then suddenly Jacob’s opponent touches the socket of Jacob’s hip and his hip was wrenched or dislocated. Jacob still refused to give in and pleaded for a blessing from his opponent.
Let’s notice here that Jacob did not want to wrestle anybody. He had his Uncle Laban behind him and his brother Esau ahead of him. Jacob is no match for either one and is now caught between a rock and a hard place. He is no wrestler and that night he was alone because he wanted to be alone, and he wasn’t looking for a fight.
So, who was this man he wrestled? I think that this is none other than the preincarnate Christ. In verse 30 Jacob says, “He saw God face to face.” In the book of Hosea there is a reference to this incident, “In the womb he grasped his brother’s heel; as a man he struggled with God. He struggled with the angel and overcame him; he wept and begged for his favor.” (Hosea 12:3, 4) It was none other than Jehovah, the preincarnate Christ who wrestled with Jacob that night.
But why? Jacob was standing between his past struggle with Laban and the impending struggle with Esau. God comes at this time because he wants Jacob to realize that his real struggle all alone has been with God. Let’s go back to Hosea for the answer, in verse two: 2 The LORD has a charge to bring against Judah; he will punish Jacob according to his ways and repay him according to his deeds. Jacob’s wrong in receiving his brother’s blessing by fraud was again brought forcibly before him, and he was afraid that God would permit Esau to take his life. In his distress he prayed to God all night. An angel appeared standing before Jacob, presenting his wrong before him in its true character. As the angel turns to leave him, Jacob lays hold of him, and will not let him go. He makes supplications with tears. He pleads that he has deeply repented of his sins and the wrongs against his brother, which had been the means of separating him from his father’s house for twenty years. He ventures to plead the promises of God and the tokens of His favor to him from time to time in his absence from his father’s house.
All night Jacob wrestled with the angel, making supplication for a blessing. The angel seemed to be resisting his prayer, by continually calling his sins to his remembrance, at the same time endeavoring to break away from him. Jacob was determined to hold the angel, not by physical strength, but by the power of living faith. Jacob is just holding on; he is not wrestling. He is just holding on because he found out that the only way you get anywhere with God is by yielding and just holding on to Him.
I can picture Jacob just holding on to this Angel and the picture I see is like he is leaning on Him. Only a leaning man discovers himself. Only when we lean on God can we find what we need. And Jacob, while he was leaning asked for a blessing. The Angel might have exercised his supernatural power and forced himself from Jacob’s grasp, but he did not choose to do this.
But when he saw that he prevailed not against Jacob, to convince him of his supernatural power, he touched his thigh, which was immediately out of joint. But Jacob would not give up his earnest efforts for bodily pain. His object was to obtain a blessing, and pain was not sufficient to make him forget this. His determination was stronger in the last moments of the conflict than at the beginning. His faith grew more earnest and persevering until the very last, even till the breaking of the day. He would not let go his hold of the angel until he blessed him.
“And he said, Let me go, for the day breaketh. And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.” The angel then inquired, “What is thy name? And he said, Jacob. And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.” My Hebrew Bible explains the name Yisrael as a combination of yisrah, “to prevail,” over El “the Divine” i.e., the Angel.
But why did He ask him his name? Shouldn’t he already know the man’s name without having to ask it? God’s purpose in raising this question contains a lesson for all of us, too profound to ignore. In asking for the blessing from God, Jacob was compelled by God’s question to relive the last time he had asked for a blessing, the one he had stolen from his brother.
The last time Jacob was asked for his name, the question had come from his earthly father. Jacob had lied on that occasion and said, “I am Esau,” and stole the blessing. Now he found himself, after many wasted years of running through life looking over his shoulder, before an all-knowing, all-seeing heavenly Father, once more seeking a blessing, Jacob fully understood the reason and the indictment behind God’s question and he answered, “My name is Jacob.” “You have spoken the truth,” God said, “and you know very well what your name signifies. You have been a duplicitous man, deceiving everyone everywhere you went. But now that you acknowledge the real you, I can change you, and I will make a great nation out of you.”
And the lesson here is that Jacob and Esau represent two classes: Jacob, the righteous, and Esau, the wicked. Jacob’s distress when he learned that Esau was marching against him with four hundred men represents the troubles we face. Just like Jacob we can be filled with anguish, and see no escape. The angel placed himself before Jacob, and he took hold of the angel and held him and wrestled with him all night. So also should we, in our time of trouble and anguish, wrestle in prayer with God, as Jacob wrestled with the angel. Jacob in his distress prayed all night for deliverance from the hand of Esau. We should do no less. All who desire the blessing of God, as Jacob, and will lay hold of the promises, and be as earnest and persevering as he was, will succeed as he succeeded.
There is so little exercise of true faith and so little of the weight of truth resting upon many professed believers because they are weak in spiritual things. They are unwilling to make exertions, to deny self, to agonize before God, to pray long and earnestly for the blessing, and therefore they do not obtain it. Faith that will live through the time of trouble must be daily exercised now. Those who do not make strong efforts now to exercise persevering faith, will be wholly unprepared to exercise that faith which will enable them to stand in the day of trouble.